|
The Winnetka Plan was an educational experiment held in the Winnetka, Illinois-based Winnetka School District 36.〔T. Corcoran, "The Winnetka School Plan," ''The Irish Monthly, Vol. 55'', No. 644, pp. 63-67 (Feb., 1927), published by Irish Jesuit Province. URL (at JSTOR )〕 Developed by Carleton Washburne,〔"(Carleton Washburne (1889–1968) )," in Education Encyclopedia〕 who was the district superintendent, and inspired by John Dewey's work in the University of Chicago Laboratory School, the plan attempted to expand educational focus to creative activities and emotional and social development,〔Carleton Washburne, ''A Living Philosophy of Education, '' The University of Chicago Press (1941).〕 using a program of a type that later became known as "programmed instruction."〔Herbert M. Kliebard, ''The Struggle for the American Curriculum, 1893-1958,'' p. 177 (1987; 3rd edition 2004)〕 The curriculum〔 divided subjects into "common essentials" and "creative group activities." While "common essentials" required students to demonstrate mastery to advance, the creative activities allowed students to advance at different rates and there were no strict goals or standards of achievement. Rather than putting "gifted" students into higher level classes, the students struggling with schoolwork were put into special classes to address those individual problems. Most of the time, the struggling student received one-on-one help from a teacher. To this day, these classes and teaching sessions still exist, sometimes called "Study Skills" or "Resources." The plan was widely imitated and led to shifts in curriculum focus across the United States. ==References== 〔 see also: * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Winnetka Plan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|